Centos7安装Mysql详细步骤

Mysql 安装

一、配置hosts文件

hostname 查看主机名
hostname -i：查看本机对应的IP

修改主机名

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

输入以下内容

NETWORKING=YES
HOSTNAME=hjy02    

修改hosts配置

vi /etc/hosts

输入以下内容

192.168.120.135   hjy02

查看文件内容

cat /etc/hosts

ping 主机名

ping hjy02

修改完成后重启

reboot

二、卸载主机自带的mysql

rpm -qa | grep mysql
rpm -e --nodeps *mysql*
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb*

三、安装mysql 8.0

cd /mysql/

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

rm -f mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

xz -d mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

mv mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64   /usr/local/

mv /usr/local/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  /usr/local/mysql

cd /usr/local/mysql

mkdir /var/lib/mysql

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/log

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

四、创建mysql用户和组，目录和授权

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

五、配置mysql环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:$HOME/bin

退出登录

exit

查看mysql环境变量是否配置成功

which mysql

输出以下内容则表示mysql环境变量设置成功

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql

六、配置参数文件

编辑 my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

Code

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
character-set-server=utf8mb4
default-storage-engine=INNODB
innodb_buffer_pool_size=200M
max_allowed_packet=16M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
log-output=FILE
general_log=0
general_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/hjy02-general.err
slow_query_log=ON
slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/hjy02-query.err
long_query_time=10
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/hjy02-error.err
default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

七、mysql 数据库初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

切换到log目录

cd /usr/local/mysql/log

查看日志记录

tail -100f hjy02-error.err

拷贝文件中的临时密码，以备登录时使用：

2020-04-07T16:20:16.625578Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] 
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hoh+pk*Gp5rp

切换到data目录

cd /usr/local/mysql/data

查看文件夹内容

ll

如下图，说明数据库初始化成功

八、配置Centos Linux启动和停止脚本

编辑mysqld.service文件

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

Code

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 65536
LimitNPROC = 65536

修改文件权限

chmod u+x /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

九、配置systemctl 启动和停止方法

#重新加载配置
systemctl daemon-reload

#停止服务
systemctl stop mysqld

#启动服务
systemctl start mysqld

#设置开机自动启动
systemctl enable mysqld

#查看运行状态
systemctl status mysqld

十、手工启动和停止Mysql方法

nohup /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf&
mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

查看mysql进程

ps -ef | grep mysql 

十一、修改root密码

mysql -u root -p
use mysql;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'rootroot';
exit;

十二、允许root远程登录

mysql -u root -p
use mysql;
select host,user from user where user='root';
create USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
exit;

测试是否可以远程登录

mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.120.135

#此处远程登录的密码为：`root`

十三、远程连接需关闭防火墙

#查看防火墙状态
firewall-cmd --state
systemctl status firewalld.service

#停止防火墙服务
systemctl stop firewalld.service

#禁用防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service

十四、数据库操作与配置

1.创建数据库

create database itpuxdb DEFAULT CHARSET utf8mb4;

2.创建用户

CREATE USER 'itpux'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'itpux';

3.查看所有用户

select host,user from mysql.user;

4.为itpux用户分配权限

grant all privileges on itpuxdb.* to 'itpux'@'%' with grant option;

5.创建表

Code

use itpuxdb;

create table itpux01(
	id int auto_increment primary key,
	name varchar(15)
) engine = InnoDB;

6.插入数据

insert into itpux01 values (1,'张三');
insert into itpux01 values (2,'李四');
insert into itpux01 values (3,'王五');
insert into itpux01 values (4,'赵六');

7.查询数据

select * from itpuxdb.itpux01;

use itpuxdb
select * from itpux01;

如下图：

十五、卸载

rm -rf /usr/local/mysql
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

shutdown -h now

关机还原，完成卸载。

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